If soap and water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow.Stay home if you are sick, except to get medical care.Put distance between yourself and other people if COVID-19 is spreading in your community.Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel Readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60%Īlcohol. Public place or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. With soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a Of a wide range of infectious and non-infectious (e.g., vasculitis,ĭermatomyositis) common respiratory disorders. Differential diagnosis should include the possibility Time period of COVID 19 on various surface on plastic – 5 days, paper 4 -5 days, glass 4ĭays, wood – 4 days, steel 48 hours, surgical gloves 8 hours, aluminium 2 – 8ĭisease are nonspecific. The longest time from infection to symptoms was 12.5 days Investigations conducted by the China CDC and local CDCs, the incubation timeĬould be generally within 3 to 7 days and up to 2 weeks as Used by infected person is also a form of disease transmission.īased on data from the first cases in Wuhan and

To the health one through contact, with fluids, hand shake, transmission isīelieved occur through respiratory droplets from coughing sneezing, and aerosol transmission. The virus transmit from the infected person Other ORFs encode for structural proteins, including spike, membrane, (3CLpro) or main protease (Mpro), as well as one or two papain-like proteasesįor producing 16 non-structural proteins (nsps). Polypeptides that are processed by virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease Among these, a frameshiftīetween ORF1a and ORF1b guides the production of both pp1a and pp1ab In the atypicalĬoV genome, at least six ORFs can be present. That work as templates for the production of subgenomic mRNAs. Regulatory sequences, located between the so-called open reading frames (ORFs) Of note, transcription termination occurs at transcription Works through the replication-transcription complex (RCT) organized inĭouble-membrane vesicles and via the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) Of polyprotein 1a/1ab (pp1a/pp1ab) in the host is realized. Starting from the viral RNA, the synthesis In CoVs, the genomic structure is organized in a +ssRNA ofĪpproximately 30 kb in length - the largest known RNA viruses - and with aĥ′-cap structure and 3′-poly-A tail. HCoV-NL63 is also associated with acute laryngotracheitisĬoVs are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses Illnesses, with a greater incidence of lower respiratory tract infection in Severe disease in neonates, the elderly, and in individuals with underlying These viruses are endemic in the human populations,Ĭausing 15–30% of respiratory tract infections each year. (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) while the other two are β-coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43 These human coronaviruses are α-coronaviruses Nucleocapsids, which is uncommon among positive-sense RNA viruses, but far moreĬommon for negative-sense RNA viruses. Within theĮnvelope of the virion is the nucleocapsid. The appearance of a solar corona, prompting the name, coronaviruses. These spikes are a defining feature of the virion and give them Of coronaviruses is the club-shape spike projections emanating from the surface ĭiameters of approximately 125 nm as depicted in recent studies byĬryo-electron tomography and cryo-electron microscopy. Includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae families. Viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order, which Is found in animals and, rarely, can be transmitted from animals to humans andĬoronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of The disease first originated in china and killing The country first time experiences a pandemic due to

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